❝A Very Short Talk on Philosophy and Science❞

vision A thing that is hard to define. Philosophy is understanding the nature of the world and life. Philosophy attempts to provide a rational explanation of all fundamental questions about the world. Like, who are we? What is the reason for our existence? What is consciousness? What is the nature of truth? What is truth and knowledge the same? Where does morality come from? God is there or not? etc. According to Schelling, ❝Philosophy is the attempt to determine what the world must be in order that it may be understood by mind, and what the mind be in order that it may understand the world.❞. It is the task of philosophy to synthesize fragmented truths and give intelligent ideas. This work is done in three ways, Speculatively, Critically, Constructively. The field of vision is vast. In short, all knowledge is dependent on philosophy. Just as the phylogenetic tree is drawn in the theory of evolution, if we draw a phylogenetic tree including all the knowledge of the world, we will see the philosophy at the root from which other knowledge has originated as branches. Philosophy originates from skepticism about life and the necessity of life.

Science originates from philosophy. Philosophy tries to explain truth holistically, but science tries fragmentarily. Both have the same purpose – to explain the world. The conventional method of science is based on observation and experiment but philosophy is based on logic. This argument can be made in various ways, induction, deduction, abduction, contradiction etc. Science deals with the material world, science says nothing about whether there is anything beyond matter. But there is a branch of philosophy called metaphysics that deals with “beings” outside the material world and the nature of reality.
Science and philosophy are interdependent. For example, in science, hypotheses are formed through complete reasoning to explain a physical phenomenon. They complement each other. What is science? What is the work of science? What is the methodology of science? What is the object? What is the nature of matter? Why is scientific truth not absolute? Philosophy answers the questions etc. Philosophy defines the boundaries of what is science and what is not. More specifically, the philosophy of science.

While many people possess unique abilities or talents, not everyone may recognize or develop those talents to the same extent. Various factors contribute to differences in talents among individuals, including genetic predispositions, environmental influences, access to resources, and personal interests. Additionally, the definition of talent can be subjective, and individuals may have diverse strengths that are not always easily recognized or valued in a particular context.

Everyone has talent! The difference is, some can find their talent, some can’t. Many people do not or cannot develop their talent even after discovering it due to environment, circumstances, their own laziness or reluctance. Due to which the so-called genius does not even get the title. That’s it.

near death experience

How does death feel? What are the experiences of those who have come back from near death? There have been many studies on Near Death Experience or NDE. Link (source) has a whole article on how we know NDEs are real.

First let’s talk about those people who have been brought back to consciousness by resuscitation. Many of them can describe their resuscitation process very accurately. But those who haven’t had an NDE give more speculative answers.

The most common feeling experienced by NDEers is the out-of-body experience. They describe that time as if they were looking at their bodies from a different angle. Others say they see colors or hear sounds that they cannot match with ordinary colors and sounds. The blind also described as if they “saw” them. Many people see their whole lives floating in front of their eyes and many people meet their dead relatives. It has also been observed in children. An important reason for studying children is that children are not influenced by race, religion etc. Hence their description is unbiased. However, NDEs have also been found to be similar in children. Even though the race and religion are different, the experiences of common NDEers are almost the same.

What is the reason for this? Do you need a reason? Let’s try to give a psychological explanation first. In this case, three model interpretations are available.
Depersonalization Model
Expectancy Model
Dissociation Model

I exclude the first two models in my article because they have considerable limitations. What is said about the latter is that it is our emotional defense mechanism. Our brain imagines these things to save our mind or mental part from a mental pressure or stress. You can call it a kind of coping mechanism.

Now let’s talk about the physiological explanation. There are many hypotheses, I don’t think it is necessary to state them. But whatever the reason, some damage to the bilateral occipital cortex of our brain, or drug effect or lack of oxygen or any other reason, they hallucinate a lot. If there is more damage to the right side, there is a type one NDE in which the person has out-of-body experiences, being able to fly or see bright lights, etc.
If the left side is more affected, type 2 NDE occurs where the person sees different sounds, music, voices, dead relatives etc.
The thing seems less science than nonsense? The work of science is to explain the nonsense, so I could not leave this topic. But it ends here.

Written by: Monif Shah Chowdhury

Changes in perception of familiar faces might be linked to various factors, such as stress, fatigue, or even subtle shifts in your mental state. It’s not uncommon for our perception to fluctuate based on our emotional and psychological well-being. If this continues to be a concern, consider discussing it further with a mental health professional to explore potential underlying factors.

Zeeman effect
In 1896 A.D. scientist Zeeman observed that, due to the effect of externally applied magnetic field each atomic spectrum breaks into many smaller spectra. The more the magnetic field is increased, the more the spectrum is divided. This is called Zeeman effect according to the name of the scientist.

Stark effect
In 1913 A.D. scientist Stark observed that, externally applied electric field has effect on the atomic spectrum. The atomic spectrum divides into many pieces due to the electric field and complex spectrum is observed. This is called the Stark effect according to the name of scientist.

Solute and solvent:

One of the two minimum substances required to form a solution is called solute and the other is called solvent. Generally, in solution-(1) the amount of solvent is more than that of solute (2) if the physical state of the two substances is different, the state of solute changes but that of solvent does not change. So, if the amount of both the substances is same, the substance whose physical state is like that of solution: is considered as solvent.

Pauli’s exclusion principle
The four quantum numbers of two electrons in same atom can never be same. If 3 quantum numbers of two electrons are same then the fourth quantum number must be different.

That means for 2 electrons of same atom the size (n), shape (1) and angular position (m) of orbital can be same if the directions of their rotation in their own axes are opposite to each other. So the main idea of Pauli’s exclusion principle is “There may be highest two electrons in an atomic orbital if their rotation or spins are in opposite directions.”