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What are ideal gases?
Gases that conform to the fundamental assumptions of gas kinetics and simultaneously adhere to Boyle's and Charles' laws across all temperatures and pressures are referred to as ideal gases.
Gases that conform to the fundamental assumptions of gas kinetics and simultaneously adhere to Boyle’s and Charles’ laws across all temperatures and pressures are referred to as ideal gases.
See lessHow many lonely planets in the universe?
In 2012, scientists discovered the first lonely planet, which was 100 light-years away from Earth. Since then, hundreds of lonely planets have been discovered over the past few years. In 2023, scientists have found about 540 rogue planet-like planets. The first planets discovered were much larger thRead more
In 2012, scientists discovered the first lonely planet, which was 100 light-years away from Earth. Since then, hundreds of lonely planets have been discovered over the past few years. In 2023, scientists have found about 540 rogue planet-like planets. The first planets discovered were much larger than Earth; Jupiter-like. But recently, scientists have found some Earth-sized lonely planets. There is a strong possibility of finding a lonely planet similar to Earth in the future. Many scientists think that there are about 50 billion rogue planets in our Milky Way Galaxy. And there are probably trillions of rogue planets in the universe. In the future, we may encounter a lonely planet that comes close to our solar system.
See lessHow are lonely planets identified?
Planets outside the solar system are commonly called exoplanets. As they pass in front of their central star, the intensity of the star's light decreases. We identify planets by seeing the dimming of that light. This is how most exoplanets are typically identified. But solitary planets cannot be ideRead more
Planets outside the solar system are commonly called exoplanets. As they pass in front of their central star, the intensity of the star’s light decreases. We identify planets by seeing the dimming of that light. This is how most exoplanets are typically identified. But solitary planets cannot be identified in this way because they do not revolve around any particular star.
See lessWhen a planet is newly formed it is extremely hot and cools slowly. During this cooling they emit infrared rays. And these infrared rays can be captured by microscopic cameras. However, lonely planets do not emit any kind of light, so they cannot be detected with infrared.
Scientists identify these planets through a process called ‘microlensing’. When an object with mass bends the surrounding space-time due to its mass, the phenomenon is called gravitational microlensing. When a planet is aligned with a distant star, the light emitted by the star is bent by the planet’s gravity as it approaches the planet. That is, this event indicates the possibility of there being a cosmic object. Researchers also determined the masses of solitary planets by looking at the position of the bent light. The shorter the period of microlensing, the lower the mass of the solitary planet.
How are lonely planets formed?
When two gravitating objects collide, or when these planets come too close to another planet orbiting the star, the planets deviate from their orbits and start traveling through space. Scientists believe that most of the lonely planets were formed in this way. But another reason is that the star itsRead more
When two gravitating objects collide, or when these planets come too close to another planet orbiting the star, the planets deviate from their orbits and start traveling through space. Scientists believe that most of the lonely planets were formed in this way.
See lessBut another reason is that the star itself pushes the planet out of the planetary system. Basically, when a star goes supernova in its final state, the planets around it are ejected and hurtle aimlessly through space. This lonely planet then became saturated with its own gas and dust.
This is how Rogue Planet was created. However, some dwarf stars also roam alone in space. They are called solitary stars.
What are the characteristics of lonely planets?
Any spherical object floating in space is not a planet. A cosmic astrological planet must have 3 characteristics to get the status of a planet. Features are: 1. To revolve around a certain sun. 2. The star must have the ability to assume a spherical shape under the influence of its own gravitationalRead more
Any spherical object floating in space is not a planet. A cosmic astrological planet must have 3 characteristics to get the status of a planet. Features are:
See less1. To revolve around a certain sun.
2. The star must have the ability to assume a spherical shape under the influence of its own gravitational force alone.
3. By removing all the small objects around it, keep your orbit clear.
On August 24, 2006, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) voted on these three conditions for the definite alignment of the planets. As a result, Pluto lost its status as a planet. Because there are no asteroids or similar small objects very close to our Earth or other perfect planets. But Pluto has the Kuiper belt. These are also orbiting the Sun along with Pluto. Pluto is given the status of a dwarf planet if it does not meet the third condition above!
Now the question may come, the first condition is not fulfilled in the case of solitary planets. So why have they been given the status of a planet?
Because, these 3 conditions are applicable only for the objects located inside the solar system. But the lonely planets are far away from the solar system. Hence these conditions are not applicable to any solitary planet.
Solitary planets are usually several times larger than Earth. But recently, a lonely planet of similar size to Earth has also been discovered. Planets are so far away from their star that light cannot reach them. As a result the planets are always dark. These planets don’t even have motion, most rogue planets are thought to be stationary.
What is Rogue Planet or lonely planet?
Generally, the planets move in a certain orbit around a certain star. But there are some planets in the universe that do not revolve around any star. That is, they have no stars to orbit. This type of planet is called a lonely planet or Rogue planet in English. Many also call them floating planets.Read more
Generally, the planets move in a certain orbit around a certain star. But there are some planets in the universe that do not revolve around any star. That is, they have no stars to orbit. This type of planet is called a lonely planet or Rogue planet in English. Many also call them floating planets. Such planets are usually separated from the gravitational pull of their own star early in their birth. As a result, without finding a specific star, they begin to orbit the galaxy around the center of mass of their own galaxy.
See lessHow did life originate on Earth? What is the most logical answer?
For years scientists have been trying hard to find the answer to a question. How did the first life originate from inanimate matter? In this context, some say, in water, some say on land, some say nowhere on earth, we came from outer space. The basic premise of evolution is the common ancestor, i.e.Read more
For years scientists have been trying hard to find the answer to a question. How did the first life originate from inanimate matter? In this context, some say, in water, some say on land, some say nowhere on earth, we came from outer space.
The basic premise of evolution is the common ancestor, i.e. the origin of all organisms from a common ancestor. As you go back in time, life becomes simpler and simpler. So it can be said with certainty that the first life was very simple. So when exactly did we come to earth? To understand very simply, imagine that the earth is only one year old. If life began in January, then the first multicellular organisms appeared on August 16! That is, if the age of the earth is one year, then the first eight and a half months existed on earth only one-celled organisms! The first sexual reproduction took place on September 17.
And when did we come? December 31st at 11:30 am we hominids first learned to walk on two legs, at 11:56 am we became homo sapiens and modern man? That’s a count of microseconds! So think about how new we are in this world!
Before telling the story of the headache of scientists about the origin of the first life, let me remind you of an old fact that I read in science books as a child. Previously it was thought that bio-compounds were produced only in the animal body, and could only produce the vital force. But in 1828, Sir Frederick Hoyler accidentally produced urea from ammonium cyanite. That was the first synthetic organic compound! Scientists then realized that it was possible to create organic compounds without the vital force. Although Darwin had not yet published his breakthrough theory, Hoyler’s discovery was a huge milestone.
Since then, many scientists have puzzled over the origin of life. In 1924 and 1929, scientists Oparin and Haldane separately hypothesized that amino acids and then complex polymers are formed step by step from inorganic compounds. This process is called abiogenesis.
In 1952, Miller and Ureh performed their classic experiment based on Oparin and Haldane’s hypothesis. They try to simulate the environment that existed before life appeared on Earth. With water, hydrogen, methane and ammonia, they simulate the original state of the earth and produce more than 20 amino acids necessary for life found in nature! Then came the idea of primordial soup in hot ponds.
The resulting amino acids are still preserved at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science!
But the problem is that the more recent data is at odds with Ureh-Miller’s idea of an early Earth. Also, where to find the heat and electric sparks that they used in their experiments?
Then in 1977, scientists discovered a hydrothermal vent near the Galapagos Islands in Darwin. As a result of the eruption of hot lava at the bottom of the sea, various underground minerals react with the salt water of the sea at a temperature of about four hundred degrees Celsius and continuously create various organic compounds! Not only that, they were surprised to notice numerous unknown thermophilic organisms around the vent! Those who are walking around in this very hot environment at ease! This discovery opens a new door.
If we say very simply, the heat generated by the volcanic eruptions under the sea, the heat and the great pressure of the sea floor react with the salt water and a large amount of minerals in the ground to form bio-compounds, which is an ideal environment for the creation of life!
When we think of the ideal environment for life, the way we understand that sufficient oxygen, tolerable temperature, and sunlight are necessary, it is not at all. Life does not develop in a suitable environment, rather life adapts to the environment. Therefore, it is not impossible to find the existence of life in the rings of Saturn or on the planet Jupiter.
Next comes the very contemporary research. The progress that scientists have made recently is beyond imagination. Our biggest limitation is creating that early Earth environment in the lab. Many have tried and are doing so individually.
Chemist Laura Burge conducted an experiment. In creating that original environment, he mixed an acidic iron-containing solution with an alkaline solution, resulting in iron hydroxide and iron sulfide plumes. Thus, with the help of his team, he showed that it is possible to generate electrical energy in that environment under the sea!
Nick Lane, another researcher, has been able to produce formaldehyde and sugar in imitation of the early Earth through the Origin of Life Reactor.
The problem with the primoidal soup hypothesis was that abiosis, the bridge between inanimate and living things, was nowhere to be found. But hydrothermal vents are the only environment on Earth where life could have originated. A single vent is the only place on Earth where the energy source is not the Sun, with the Earth’s core providing all the energy.
In 2010, Craig Venter and his team created the first synthetic cells in the lab, which is a major milestone in the study of the origin of life! The cell he created is replicated countless times with synthetic DNA! But this organism was almost a clone of another bacterium.
A biophysicist in Germany, Petra Schuyle, has been trying to create synthetic cells for about ten years. Most recently, he made a synthetic cell from scratch! With just eight ingredients, two proteins, three buffering agents, two types of fat, and some chemical energy, he created a floating cell-like thing that bounces and divides on its own! This invention has given scientists a new hope! They dream of creating a synthetic cell in which to replace their hand-crafted genome. But the whole process is a huge challenge!
But if something is created that can only divide without growing, adapting to the environment and evolving, it cannot be called a living being. It still has to go a long way! But the matter is not so impossible as to find that sandstone. It’s like trying to get that exact taste of your mom’s fish soup as a kid, but can’t figure out the exact ingredients and proportions!
See lessWhy is vomiting when getting on the bus?
It is usually more common in girls. One of the main reasons for this is digestive problems. If you eat on a full stomach when you are out on a journey, the food cannot be digested in the stomach due to the inertia of the vehicle in motion. More on long journeys. Food stays in the same place for a loRead more
It is usually more common in girls.
See lessOne of the main reasons for this is digestive problems.
If you eat on a full stomach when you are out on a journey, the food cannot be digested in the stomach due to the inertia of the vehicle in motion. More on long journeys. Food stays in the same place for a long time. As a result, a type of gas is also formed which comes out in the form of dhekur (disturbing). Also, when food is prevented from moving from one step to another during digestion, it is also expelled which is called vomiting.
The digestive power of girls is slightly less than that of boys.
And many people get sick (headache) if they travel on an empty stomach.
So never eat full stomach while traveling, take dry food. Try to drink as little water as possible.
Boys have beards but girls do not have beards, what is the reason?
Beards are primarily due to the testosterone hormone that men have in excess. However, testosterone is not directly involved in height. The primary hormone responsible for height is human growth hormone or HGH (Human Growth Hormone), which is released from the pituitary gland. But testosterone affecRead more
Beards are primarily due to the testosterone hormone that men have in excess. However, testosterone is not directly involved in height. The primary hormone responsible for height is human growth hormone or HGH (Human Growth Hormone), which is released from the pituitary gland.
But testosterone affects height indirectly. It stimulates growth factors like IGF-1, which plays an important role in bone growth during puberty. This is one reason why boys are on average taller than girls. But there are many other reasons.
E.g.- Boys carry Y sex chromosome which contains genes related to height. Then they eat more food than girls on average, get more caloric protein that helps with bone development and overall growth, etc.
See lessWhat is the harm of taking birth control pills? If the period is taken off during the exam then what harm can be done in the future?
Nowadays girls have to face a lot of problems to get a baby So it is better not to take these pills. Moreover, it may cause more dizziness, nausea, body weight problems. The period cycle will reverse on that. During the exam, the pressure already goes over the body, at that time taking pills and takRead more
Nowadays girls have to face a lot of problems to get a baby So it is better not to take these pills. Moreover, it may cause more dizziness, nausea, body weight problems. The period cycle will reverse on that. During the exam, the pressure already goes over the body, at that time taking pills and taking the exam, if you turn your head, it will definitely not be good for you. So let what happens in nature happen without stopping it. If necessary, you can take medicine to reduce the pain. Maintain hygiene and stay healthy.
See lessDoes soap and shampoo foam cause any damage to the eyes due to the irritation that burns in the eyes?
Yes, the foaming agents in soap and shampoo can cause eye irritation due to their interaction with the eyes' sensitive tissues. It's essential to avoid direct contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly if it happens.
Yes, the foaming agents in soap and shampoo can cause eye irritation due to their interaction with the eyes’ sensitive tissues. It’s essential to avoid direct contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly if it happens.
See lessWhat is homeopathy?
The basic theory of homeopathy is that like cures like, that is, what causes the disease can be cured in very small doses. Based on that theory, they dilute the various active ingredients with water or alcohol or other solvents and eventually reach a point where virtually not a single particle of thRead more
The basic theory of homeopathy is that like cures like, that is, what causes the disease can be cured in very small doses. Based on that theory, they dilute the various active ingredients with water or alcohol or other solvents and eventually reach a point where virtually not a single particle of the original ingredient is present. But according to the claim of homeopathy, water remembers the function of the original element (water memory) and becomes its quality. All these theories have no scientific proof.
See lessHow much does it cost to install a CCTV camera?
The cost to install a CCTV camera can vary widely based on factors such as the number of cameras, camera type, features, and installation complexity. On average, basic installations for a single camera may start around $100, while more extensive setups with multiple high-resolution cameras and profeRead more
The cost to install a CCTV camera can vary widely based on factors such as the number of cameras, camera type, features, and installation complexity. On average, basic installations for a single camera may start around $100, while more extensive setups with multiple high-resolution cameras and professional installation can range from $500 to several thousand dollars. It’s recommended to obtain quotes from reputable security system providers for accurate pricing tailored to specific needs.
See lessHow do I understand that Bajriga bird will lay eggs?
If breeding is successful after pairing, that egg will hatch. Remember that eggs have nothing to do with mating. Without mating, birds can lay eggs but will not produce babies. Interestingly, once mating, all eggs can be fertilized. After pairing, eggs can be laid 10-15 days after the first mating.Read more
If breeding is successful after pairing, that egg will hatch. Remember that eggs have nothing to do with mating. Without mating, birds can lay eggs but will not produce babies. Interestingly, once mating, all eggs can be fertilized. After pairing, eggs can be laid 10-15 days after the first mating. How do you know your bird will lay eggs?
See less# The female bird will frequently enter and exit the nest
# The female bird will enter the bone and rub the bottom of the bone with its foot
# Will observe if the hive is safe to lay eggs, will look on the side of the hive
# Female is ready for mating if male likes
# The female bird’s vent or anus slowly swells
# Large foul-smelling poops or stools
# Sits on the bone for a long time
# More and more meetings
# The female bird does not come out of the nest at night after laying the first egg or two days
# The male bird sometimes enters the nest and feeds the female bird
# Female birds rarely come out of the nest, if they come out it is to eat or defecate
** Birds cannot retain calcium in their body and birds need a lot of calcium during egg laying, so calcium should be fed to birds before egg laying.
How many satellites are currently orbiting the earth?
In 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space, named Sputnik 1. Since then human interest in space has increased and then gradually space agencies of different countries have sent satellites into space at different times. Today, communication, entertainment, security are almost all dependeRead more
In 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space, named Sputnik 1. Since then human interest in space has increased and then gradually space agencies of different countries have sent satellites into space at different times. Today, communication, entertainment, security are almost all dependent on these satellites. But do you know how many satellites are currently orbiting the earth? According to scientific data, there are currently about 6,000 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth. But only 40 percent of them are active. And the rest is orbiting the earth as space waste.
See lessWhy are lice only on the scalp?
Lice can occur not only on the head but also on other parts of the body. There are many types of lice such as: Head louse, Crab louse, Sucking louse, Menoponidae, Mammal chewing lice, Mallophaga, Polyplax spinulosa etc. Head lice or Pediculus humans capitis is the most common lice. What happens in pRead more
Lice can occur not only on the head but also on other parts of the body. There are many types of lice such as: Head louse, Crab louse, Sucking louse, Menoponidae, Mammal chewing lice, Mallophaga, Polyplax spinulosa etc.
See lessHead lice or Pediculus humans capitis is the most common lice. What happens in people’s heads. Head lice or head lice are usually found in people who have poor hygienic conditions and who live in overcrowded places. They propagate from one head to another and make their home there. Those who do not bathe regularly, do not clean their hair properly and create an unhealthy environment for their hair cause head lice to multiply.
Is solar eclipse dangerous or harmful for us or for the earth?
No such evidence is available. Many say that the sun, moon, and earth lie along the same straight line. Therefore, the gravitational pull on the asteroids floating in space is greater than that of the Earth. As a result, the possibility of asteroid hitting the earth is high. 1. Those who say such thRead more
No such evidence is available. Many say that the sun, moon, and earth lie along the same straight line. Therefore, the gravitational pull on the asteroids floating in space is greater than that of the Earth. As a result, the possibility of asteroid hitting the earth is high.
1. Those who say such things are very stupid. They actually only know that when the sun, moon and earth are positioned along the same straight line, a solar eclipse occurs. The fact is that the straight line connecting the sun and the earth is on the floor. If the straight line connecting the moon and the earth is on the floor. If it is located in the same straight line with the above, then neither the sun is eclipsed nor the moon is eclipsed.
Apart from a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Moon and Earth are positioned along the same line.
So it would be wrong to say that solar eclipse or lunar eclipse is harmful.
See lessWhat is the top 10 richest country?
In the latest data from February 2024, as per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the unique economic standings are as follows: Luxembourg - $140,312 Ireland - $117,988 Switzerland - $110,251 Norway - $102,465 Singapore - $91,733 Iceland - $87,875 Qatar - $84,906 United States - $83,066 Denmark -Read more
In the latest data from February 2024, as per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the unique economic standings are as follows:
Luxembourg – $140,312
See lessIreland – $117,988
Switzerland – $110,251
Norway – $102,465
Singapore – $91,733
Iceland – $87,875
Qatar – $84,906
United States – $83,066
Denmark – $72,940
Macao SAR – $70,135
What is the old name of Russia?
Rus
Rus
See lessWhat is the full name or official name of India?
India, officially the Republic of India.
India, officially the Republic of India.
See less