What is the secret of the turtle’s long life?
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The secret is in their DNA. Turtles are genetically slow process animals. They live longer because their entire life cycle is much slower. Some turtles even take up to twenty years to reach adulthood.
It depends on their location, environmental austerities for breeding and post-breeding period. After birth, many turtles are killed due to hunting in various ways. So their reproduction also has to be consistent, so that the species survives. They need a slower life cycle to adjust to all this And that is what we call longevity.
Species with faster cell aging and death have shorter lifespans. Those whose cell chemistry delays death have longer lifespans. There are various reasons behind this. For example-
• Structural factors of genes. It has been found that genes with methyl groups at specific positions in many genes are less prone to mutation. The resulting inactivation of functional genes by mutation causes late death.
• Some genes produce chaperone proteins that remove misfolded proteins. Overexpression of chaperone-producing genes results in cell dysfunction, delayed death, and impaired protein synthesis.
• The accumulation of metabolic waste materials in the cells of those organisms that have a high rate of metabolism and various biochemical reactions occurring inside the cells is high. Accumulated wastes can cause cellular gene mutations. Can disrupt the normal functioning of cells. This results in accelerated aging of the skin.
• Various environmental factors cause DNA damage. This damage repair system resides within the cell. An organism with more genes producing m-RNA and proteins responsible for DNA damage repair has a stronger DNA damage repair system. As a result, Kosher dies of old age late.
Now the question may be whether these genes are more in some organisms, or genes with methyl group are more, why are they less in other organisms? Mutations are the cause of this variation in genes. Mutation plays a key role in so much diversity in the living world. A mutation is a random event. A variation produced by mutation of a gene persists if it is favorable for survival in nature. It is not enough if a single organism survives. The survival of the gene in nature depends on its reproductive success.