The amount of water vapor that a place can hold at a certain temperature does not normally exist in that place. Rather less. Again, it is not possible to keep water vapor more than capacity. It can hold water vapor up to its maximum capacity. In this condition, the pressure exerted by the water vapor there is called the saturated vapor pressure. Since it is not possible to hold more vapor than the saturated state, this is the maximum vapor pressure at that location.

The maximum pressure exerted by vapor in a confined space at a given temperature is called the saturated vapor pressure of that space.

The basic assumptions of gas molecules discussed in ideal gas kinetics are-
1. All gases are composed of molecules. All molecules of a gas are identical and molecules of one gas are different from molecules of another gas.
2. The size of gas molecules is negligible compared to the distance between the molecules.
3. Gases’ molecules are solid elastic spheres and the molecules have no attractive or repulsive forces between them. Their energy is completely kinetic energy.
4. Gas molecules move at random speeds and obey Newton’s laws of motion. Molecules are moving in all directions and their velocity values are different.
5. The molecules are constantly colliding with each other and the walls of the container. A molecule moves in a straight line during the time between two collisions. The distance traveled by a molecule between two collisions is called the free path.
6. The time gas molecules spend in one collision is negligible compared to the time between two collisions.
7. Collisions of gas molecules are completely inelastic.

Newton’s equations were graphed as ellipses. But he mentioned that the earth’s orbit around the sun is circular. Although his formula gives a justification for the ellipse. Referring to this limitation, scientist Kepler gave a total of three formulas including two more including the concept of ellipse. Which is as follows:

Kepler’s law of ellipses
The earth does not revolve around the sun in a circular but in an elliptical orbit. If we were talking about the circular path, we could safely say that the Sun is at the center of this circular orbit. But since the elliptical orbit has been talked about, the question remains, where is the sun in this ellipse? In response to such a question, Kepler pointed out, “The Earth moves in a definite elliptical orbit with the Sun at its focus.”
After the formula of elliptical orbit, the question remains, then what will be the velocity of the planet in this elliptical orbit? His second formula answers this question.

Kepler’s Law of Area
Consider that at any moment the planet is at one point and in 5 days it has moved to another point. Again at any moment it was at one point and in 5 days it moved to another point. The velocity of the planet will be such that, in both cases, the area of the line connecting the planet and the sun is equal because the time was equal in this case. As you can see, when the planet is close to the sun, this velocity will be higher and when it is far away, its velocity will be lower.
Then the formula stands, “The radius connecting the planet and the sun will produce equal areas in equal time.
Now the question remains, then What will be the period of the planet? That is, how many days will be a year? The answer to this question can be found in Kepler’s third law. Which is known as the periodic formula.

Kepler’s Law Time Period
The line along the two circumferences of the ellipse is called the hypotenuse of the ellipse. Now if the planet is related to period.