Planets outside the solar system are commonly called exoplanets. As they pass in front of their central star, the intensity of the star’s light decreases. We identify planets by seeing the dimming of that light. This is how most exoplanets are typically identified. But solitary planets cannot be identified in this way because they do not revolve around any particular star.
When a planet is newly formed it is extremely hot and cools slowly. During this cooling they emit infrared rays. And these infrared rays can be captured by microscopic cameras. However, lonely planets do not emit any kind of light, so they cannot be detected with infrared.
Scientists identify these planets through a process called ‘microlensing’. When an object with mass bends the surrounding space-time due to its mass, the phenomenon is called gravitational microlensing. When a planet is aligned with a distant star, the light emitted by the star is bent by the planet’s gravity as it approaches the planet. That is, this event indicates the possibility of there being a cosmic object. Researchers also determined the masses of solitary planets by looking at the position of the bent light. The shorter the period of microlensing, the lower the mass of the solitary planet.

Any spherical object floating in space is not a planet. A cosmic astrological planet must have 3 characteristics to get the status of a planet. Features are:
1. To revolve around a certain sun.
2. The star must have the ability to assume a spherical shape under the influence of its own gravitational force alone.
3. By removing all the small objects around it, keep your orbit clear.
On August 24, 2006, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) voted on these three conditions for the definite alignment of the planets. As a result, Pluto lost its status as a planet. Because there are no asteroids or similar small objects very close to our Earth or other perfect planets. But Pluto has the Kuiper belt. These are also orbiting the Sun along with Pluto. Pluto is given the status of a dwarf planet if it does not meet the third condition above!
Now the question may come, the first condition is not fulfilled in the case of solitary planets. So why have they been given the status of a planet?
Because, these 3 conditions are applicable only for the objects located inside the solar system. But the lonely planets are far away from the solar system. Hence these conditions are not applicable to any solitary planet.
Solitary planets are usually several times larger than Earth. But recently, a lonely planet of similar size to Earth has also been discovered. Planets are so far away from their star that light cannot reach them. As a result the planets are always dark. These planets don’t even have motion, most rogue planets are thought to be stationary.

For years scientists have been trying hard to find the answer to a question. How did the first life originate from inanimate matter? In this context, some say, in water, some say on land, some say nowhere on earth, we came from outer space.

The basic premise of evolution is the common ancestor, i.e. the origin of all organisms from a common ancestor. As you go back in time, life becomes simpler and simpler. So it can be said with certainty that the first life was very simple. So when exactly did we come to earth? To understand very simply, imagine that the earth is only one year old. If life began in January, then the first multicellular organisms appeared on August 16! That is, if the age of the earth is one year, then the first eight and a half months existed on earth only one-celled organisms! The first sexual reproduction took place on September 17.

And when did we come? December 31st at 11:30 am we hominids first learned to walk on two legs, at 11:56 am we became homo sapiens and modern man? That’s a count of microseconds! So think about how new we are in this world!

Before telling the story of the headache of scientists about the origin of the first life, let me remind you of an old fact that I read in science books as a child. Previously it was thought that bio-compounds were produced only in the animal body, and could only produce the vital force. But in 1828, Sir Frederick Hoyler accidentally produced urea from ammonium cyanite. That was the first synthetic organic compound! Scientists then realized that it was possible to create organic compounds without the vital force. Although Darwin had not yet published his breakthrough theory, Hoyler’s discovery was a huge milestone.

Since then, many scientists have puzzled over the origin of life. In 1924 and 1929, scientists Oparin and Haldane separately hypothesized that amino acids and then complex polymers are formed step by step from inorganic compounds. This process is called abiogenesis.
In 1952, Miller and Ureh performed their classic experiment based on Oparin and Haldane’s hypothesis. They try to simulate the environment that existed before life appeared on Earth. With water, hydrogen, methane and ammonia, they simulate the original state of the earth and produce more than 20 amino acids necessary for life found in nature! Then came the idea of primordial soup in hot ponds.

The resulting amino acids are still preserved at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science!
But the problem is that the more recent data is at odds with Ureh-Miller’s idea of an early Earth. Also, where to find the heat and electric sparks that they used in their experiments?
Then in 1977, scientists discovered a hydrothermal vent near the Galapagos Islands in Darwin. As a result of the eruption of hot lava at the bottom of the sea, various underground minerals react with the salt water of the sea at a temperature of about four hundred degrees Celsius and continuously create various organic compounds! Not only that, they were surprised to notice numerous unknown thermophilic organisms around the vent! Those who are walking around in this very hot environment at ease! This discovery opens a new door.

If we say very simply, the heat generated by the volcanic eruptions under the sea, the heat and the great pressure of the sea floor react with the salt water and a large amount of minerals in the ground to form bio-compounds, which is an ideal environment for the creation of life!

When we think of the ideal environment for life, the way we understand that sufficient oxygen, tolerable temperature, and sunlight are necessary, it is not at all. Life does not develop in a suitable environment, rather life adapts to the environment. Therefore, it is not impossible to find the existence of life in the rings of Saturn or on the planet Jupiter.
Next comes the very contemporary research. The progress that scientists have made recently is beyond imagination. Our biggest limitation is creating that early Earth environment in the lab. Many have tried and are doing so individually.

Chemist Laura Burge conducted an experiment. In creating that original environment, he mixed an acidic iron-containing solution with an alkaline solution, resulting in iron hydroxide and iron sulfide plumes. Thus, with the help of his team, he showed that it is possible to generate electrical energy in that environment under the sea!

Nick Lane, another researcher, has been able to produce formaldehyde and sugar in imitation of the early Earth through the Origin of Life Reactor.

The problem with the primoidal soup hypothesis was that abiosis, the bridge between inanimate and living things, was nowhere to be found. But hydrothermal vents are the only environment on Earth where life could have originated. A single vent is the only place on Earth where the energy source is not the Sun, with the Earth’s core providing all the energy.
In 2010, Craig Venter and his team created the first synthetic cells in the lab, which is a major milestone in the study of the origin of life! The cell he created is replicated countless times with synthetic DNA! But this organism was almost a clone of another bacterium.

A biophysicist in Germany, Petra Schuyle, has been trying to create synthetic cells for about ten years. Most recently, he made a synthetic cell from scratch! With just eight ingredients, two proteins, three buffering agents, two types of fat, and some chemical energy, he created a floating cell-like thing that bounces and divides on its own! This invention has given scientists a new hope! They dream of creating a synthetic cell in which to replace their hand-crafted genome. But the whole process is a huge challenge!

But if something is created that can only divide without growing, adapting to the environment and evolving, it cannot be called a living being. It still has to go a long way! But the matter is not so impossible as to find that sandstone. It’s like trying to get that exact taste of your mom’s fish soup as a kid, but can’t figure out the exact ingredients and proportions!

Beards are primarily due to the testosterone hormone that men have in excess. However, testosterone is not directly involved in height. The primary hormone responsible for height is human growth hormone or HGH (Human Growth Hormone), which is released from the pituitary gland.

But testosterone affects height indirectly. It stimulates growth factors like IGF-1, which plays an important role in bone growth during puberty. This is one reason why boys are on average taller than girls. But there are many other reasons.

E.g.- Boys carry Y sex chromosome which contains genes related to height. Then they eat more food than girls on average, get more caloric protein that helps with bone development and overall growth, etc.

The cost to install a CCTV camera can vary widely based on factors such as the number of cameras, camera type, features, and installation complexity. On average, basic installations for a single camera may start around $100, while more extensive setups with multiple high-resolution cameras and professional installation can range from $500 to several thousand dollars. It’s recommended to obtain quotes from reputable security system providers for accurate pricing tailored to specific needs.

In 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space, named Sputnik 1. Since then human interest in space has increased and then gradually space agencies of different countries have sent satellites into space at different times. Today, communication, entertainment, security are almost all dependent on these satellites. But do you know how many satellites are currently orbiting the earth? According to scientific data, there are currently about 6,000 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth. But only 40 percent of them are active. And the rest is orbiting the earth as space waste.

No such evidence is available. Many say that the sun, moon, and earth lie along the same straight line. Therefore, the gravitational pull on the asteroids floating in space is greater than that of the Earth. As a result, the possibility of asteroid hitting the earth is high.
1. Those who say such things are very stupid. They actually only know that when the sun, moon and earth are positioned along the same straight line, a solar eclipse occurs. The fact is that the straight line connecting the sun and the earth is on the floor. If the straight line connecting the moon and the earth is on the floor. If it is located in the same straight line with the above, then neither the sun is eclipsed nor the moon is eclipsed.

Apart from a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Moon and Earth are positioned along the same line.

So it would be wrong to say that solar eclipse or lunar eclipse is harmful.