What is the concept of quantum cryptography?

Quantum cryptography is a secure communication method that relies on the principles of quantum mechanics to transmit cryptographic keys between parties in a way that is provably secure against eavesdropping. It typically involves the exchange of quantum states, such as entangled photons, to establish a shared secret key, which can then be used for secure communication using classical encryption techniques. Quantum cryptography offers unprecedented levels of security and is immune to certain cryptographic attacks that exploit classical vulnerabilities.