What is the principle of equipartition of energy?
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The principle of equipartition of energy is a classical thermodynamic principle that states that, in thermal equilibrium, the total energy of a system is equally distributed among all available degrees of freedom, with each degree of freedom contributing an average energy of kT/2, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin. This principle forms the basis of classical statistical mechanics but fails to explain certain phenomena at the atomic and subatomic levels, leading to the development of quantum mechanics.